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001 |
TUBERCULIN SENSITIVITY IN YOUNG CHILDREN (0-4 YEARS
OLD) AS AN INDEX OF TUBERCULOSIS IN THE COMMUNITY. |
NL Bordia, Anton Geser, J Maclary, I Mundt & Kul
Bhushan: Indian J TB 1960, 8, 25-43. |
The purpose of this study was to find out whether
the prevalence of infection in young children might be used as an
index of the tuberculosis problem in a population. Tuberculin testing
was done in a random sample of 2,883 children (0-4 years) in Bangalore
city, of those 2,589 (89.8%) actually completed testing. A total
of 4340 children were registered in 59 villages and of these 4090
(94.2%) were tuberculin tested. The villages were from Bangalore,
Kolar and Mandya as these districts were within 100 miles from Bangalore
city. The team went from house to house and made a complete registration
of the children 0-4 years in the selected houses. Information on
socio-economic status, density of population etc., was also collected
before giving tuberculin 1 TU RT 23 with Tween 80.
The results of the study showed that prevalence
of infection in 0-4 years age group of cantonment area was 1.6%
and in the crowded city area 4.1% at 14mm induration level. In the
rural population, the prevalence of tuberculosis infection was 2%.
In the city, a positive correlation between tuberculosis infection
and socio-economic condition was obtained while it was not seen
in rural areas. It was not possible to establish any correlation
between tuberculosis disease and infection either in rural or urban
areas, as the population was not examined for the prevalence of
tuberculosis disease.
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KEY WORDS: PREVALENCE, INFECTION, CHILDREN,
RURAL, URBAN, COMMUNITY. |
005 |
THE USE OF MATHEMATICAL MODELS IN THE STUDY OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
OF TUBERCULOSIS |
HT Waaler, Anton Geser & S Andersen: Ame J Public
Health 1962, 52, 1002-13. |
The paper has illustrated the use of mathematical
model (epidemetric model) for the prediction of the trend of tuberculosis
in a given situation with or without the influence of specific tuberculosis
control programme. The paper also advocates the use of models for
evolving applicable control measures by reflecting their interference
in the natural trend of tuberculosis in control areas. These models
were constructed by applying methods which have been developed and
utilised in other social sciences.
The precise estimates of the various parameters entering the model
must be available if realistic long term results are to be achieved
through model methodology. The need for exact data regarding prevalence
and incidence of infection and disease, necessitates longitudinal
surveys in large random population groups. It is, however, the present
authors firm opinion that it would be fruitful for almost any health
department, to compare their best available epidemiological knowledge
in a system of relationships in order to quantify their concept
of the situation. Such an exercise in mathematics would, in any
case, serve to sharpen the epidemiologists thinking and would lead
them to appreciate what data they need most urgently. The model
may help in predicting the trend of tuberculosis in a given situation.
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KEY WORDS: EPIDEMETRIC MODEL, SURVEY, TREND,
CONTROL PROGRAMME. |
006 |
SOME ASPECTS OF A TB PREVALENCE SURVEY IN A SOUTH
INDIAN DISTRICT |
Raj Narain, A Geser, MV Jambunathan & M Subramanian:
Bull WHO 1963, 29, 641-64 & Indian J TB 1963, 9, 85-116. |
The objective was to establish the prevalence rates
for tuberculosis infection, radiologically active pulmonary tuberculosis
and bacteriologically confirmed diseases for different age and sex
groups. Tumkur District in Mysore State consisting of 2,392 villages,
10 towns of was selected for the study. The district headquarter
town Tumkur was excluded from the survey. Random sample of 62 villages
and 4 town blocks having a population of 34,746 persons constituted
the study population. All the individuals available in the registered
population were given a Mantoux test with 1 TU RT 23 with Tween
80. Longitudinal diameter of induration was read 3-4 days after
the test. At the time of tuberculin test, all persons aged 10 years
and above were offered a single 70mm photofluorogram. For each picture
read as abnormal, a spot specimen of sputum of the individual concerned
was collected at the time of reading the tuberculin test. Age and
sex distribution of infection and disease were studied.
Various parameters concerning the prevalence of
infection and disease in the community were reported. Prevalence
rate of infection in all ages and both sexes of the population was
found to be 38.3%, radiologically active tuberculosis 1.86% and
0.41% sputum positive disease. The infection and disease increased
with age; of the total diseased, half were in age group 40 years
and more and about 2/3 among males.
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KEY WORDS: SURVEY, PREVALENCE, INFECTION, DISEASE,
CASE, COMMIUNITY, RURAL, URBAN. |
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