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019 |
SOME ASPECTS OF CHANGES IN RURAL POPULATION AND
FATE OF TB CASES AFTER AN INTERVAL OF TWELVE YEARS |
MS Krishnamurthy, KR Rangaswamy, AN Shashidhara &
GC Banerjee: NTI Newsletter, 1974, 11, 1-7. |
During second epidemiological survey carried out
in 1972-73, special efforts were made in 21 of 62 villages belonging
to first survey (1961-62) to study the demographic changes and fate
of TB cases after an interval of 12 years.
The findings were: The increase of dejure population
was about 20% over a period of 12 years i.e., an annual increase
of 1.7%. The age structure had altered mainly due to significant
increase in the age group 60 years and above 51% to 64% indicating
aging of population. The loss of original population after 12 years
was 44%, of which 33% was due to migration and 11% due to death.
The overall migration was more among females. The migration rate
was higher in younger age group, being highest in 10-19 years (49%),
next in 0-9 years (38%). Thus, overall migration in 0-19 years was
43%. The death rate was highest in 60 years and above (58%). It
varied from 4-9% in age group 0-39 years. Original population available
after 12 years for re-examination was 56%. Distribution in different
age groups were; 0-9yr = 57%, 10-19yrs = 47%, 20-49yrs = 66%, 50-59yrs
= 44%, 60yrs and more = 28%.
Out of 88 X-ray suspect cases of earlier survey,
87 could be identified and present status of 72 were known. Of them,
16 were normal, 12 and 4 found to be suspect cases and bacillary
cases respectively and 40 had died. Of the remaining fifteen, 11
migrated and 4 not examined. Out of 14 bacillary cases, 13 could
be identified. Of them, 3 were sputum negatives (2 normal and 1
suspect case) 9 had died and 1 migrated.
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KEYWORDS: FATE, CASE, SUSPECT CASE, MORTALITY,
MIGRATION, RURAL POPULATION, DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES, SURVEY. |
041 |
CHEST DISEASES AND TUBERCULOSIS IN A SLUM COMMUNITY
AND PROBLEMS IN ESTIMATING THEIR PREVALENCE |
AK Chakraborty, GD Gothi, Benjamin Issac, KR Rangaswamy,
MS Krishnamurthy & R Rajalakshmi: Indian J Public Health 1979,
23, 88-99.
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The entire population of a slum area of Bangalore
city, comprising of 3313 persons was registered, questioned for
symptoms and offered chest X-ray at a centre located in the slum
itself. Those, who had any chest symptom and/or X-ray abnormality,
were offered detailed examinations, viz., clinical examinations,
repeated examinations of sputum for tubercle bacilli, and further
chest X-rays. Of the total 2855 persons X-rayed and/or questioned,
1039 needed detailed examinations and about a fifth of the latter
required referral to a consultant panel for diagnosis of chest diseases.
Further, about 60% of those referred to consultants needed special
investigations. Thus, the study of prevalence of chest diseases
in the community needed considerable facilities and were operationally
difficult. It is envisaged that similar problems will also be faced
if peripheral dispensaries are to make proper diagnosis of chest
diseases, due to the need for referral of large number of patients
and provision of complicated diagnostic facilities at the referral
hospitals. The study seeks to quantify the problem of chest diseases
and tuberculosis in the slum community.
The prevalence of sickness in the population at
any point of time were 49.5%. Sickness related to the respiratory
system was 13.3%. It increased with age and was highest (42.6%)
in those aged 55 years and above. Among 2855 persons X-rayed, 145(5.1%)
had any radiological abnormality in chest. It is seen that respiratory
systems symptoms were commonest in all the age groups. A total of
172 patients were diagnosed to have respiratory system abnormalities
with or without X-ray lesions. Of them, 75% had non- tuberculous
etiology, 7.6% had active pulmonary tuberculosis and the remaining
17.4% had inactive tuberculosis. Prevalence of sputum positive cases
was 0.26% and prevalence of total active pulmonary tuberculosis
was 0.44%. The problem of arriving at final diagnosis was dependent
on application of complicated special investigation tools to a large
community. In view of the low coverage (47.4%) for the special investigations,
prevalence of different chest diseases in the community could not
be investigated.
It is concluded that in the community under study,
the size of the problem of non- tuberculous diseases of the chest
and operational problems in their diagnosis were considerable.
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KEY WORDS: PREVALENCE, URBAN, SLUM COMMUNITY,
CHEST DISEASES, CASE. |
049 |
TUBERCULOSIS IN A RURAL POPULATION OF SOUTH INDIA:
REPORT ON FIVE SURVEYS |
AK Chakraborty, Hardan Singh, K Srikantan, KR Rangaswamy,
MS Krishnamurthy & JA Steaphen: Indian J TB 1982, 29, 153-67. |
The trend of tuberculosis in a sample of 22 villages
of Bangalore district observed over a period of about 16 years (1961-77)
is reported. Distribution of tuberculin indurations did not show
a clear cut demarcation between infected and non-infected. The method
adopted to demarcate the cut off point has been described herewith:
Distribution of tuberculin induration size of 0-14 years was attempted
and extrapolated to higher age groups. Even in these younger age
groups the antimodes were not clearly defined, so the antimode was
arrived by fitting two normal curves as two likely modes.
The choice of demarcation level, therefore, is
somewhat arbitrarily made on the basis of the distributions and
these varied from survey to survey; between 10 mm at survey I and
16 mm at survey V. The actual and standardized infection rates showed
more or less declining trend in 0-4 years, 5-9 years and 10-14 years
age groups. The prevalence of cases was not significantly different
from survey to survey (varying from 3.96 to 4.92 per thousand from
first to fifth survey). However, there was a shift in the mean age
of cases, and better survival rate of cases diagnosed at later surveys.
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KEY WORDS: TREND, CASE, INFECTION, PREVALENCE,
TUBERCULIN READING METHOD, LONGITUDINAL SURVEY. |
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