This paper, read at the 10th TB Workers’ Conference in Mysore, 1953, emphasises that, typically, non-official agencies in most countries have initiated the fight against TB and lists the essentials of TB services. The government’s responsibilities in TB control are described and there is a detailed account of the origin and history of non-official anti-TB effort in India. Three key factors are offered for consideration in planning the future of TB Associations and their work in India: 1) The importance of definite programs such as educative propaganda, welfare activities and, starting and running institutions for TB patients, 2) The composition and control of TB Associations, 3) The functions of the central Association.