The history of the concept of proper rehabilitation of the tuberculous is described and the principles of occupational therapy, rehabilitation and vocational training, with examples of their application, are outlined to serve as a possible guide to those who are considering setting up a new scheme for rehabilitation. The premise is that the patient’s psychological, physical, economic and social needs should be clearly understood to effect his/her complete rehabilitation. Rehabilitation is to be considered as an integral part of treatment. The principles described will need to be adapted according to the economy of individual countries which must develop schemes to suit the work available to their tuberculous patients.