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CHAPTER II - HEALTH SERVICES |
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120 |
AU |
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Cariappa BM |
TI |
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Tuberculosis in India-as seen by a layman. |
SO |
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Tuberculosis and Chest Diseases Workers Conference,
17th, Cuttack, India, 31 Jan-3 Feb 1961, p. 93-97. |
DT |
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CP |
AB |
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The focus of this paper is to make known the extensive
incidence of TB in India in the early sixties. Various prevailing
factors such as a lack of sufficient anti-TB clinics that are properly
equipped and adequately staffed, unsatisfactory housing conditions
and Government efforts to counter TB, non-availability of sufficient
treatment drugs and lack of patients access to these drugs,
have contributed to the high prevalence of TB. To overcome the huge
problem, it is recommended that voluntary bodies and individuals
should work, in addition to the Government, to strengthen the campaign
against TB. Particularly, TB workers could help in strengthening
voluntary TB Associations in the country, so that these Associations
can really form the peoples movement against TB and fill the
lack that exists at the moment between anti-TB schemes and the individual
patient.
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KEYWORDS: COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION; VOLUNTARY ORGANIZATION;
INDIA. |
123 |
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Banerji A, Shawndilay AK & Basu Chaudhuri SK |
TI |
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Organised home treatment in a small community: preliminary
report. |
SO |
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INDIAN J CHEST DIS 1962, 4, 181-186. |
DT |
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Per |
AB |
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One hundred twenty-five cases of pulmonary TB from
residents of Vrindaban, UP, who attended the Out-Patient Department
of the Shri Brij Sewa Samiti TB Sanatorium in May 1961, were reviewed
to assess the value of an organised home treatment scheme. Observations
regarding age, sex, stage, cavity and bacillary status and, socio-economic
conditions of the patients were recorded. Results of treatment under
ambulatory conditions were analysed. Cavity closure was observed
in 12 out of 65 cavitary cases and there was sputum conversion in
26 out of 51 cases recorded positive originally. Some problems of
organised home treatment, however remain and are indicated.
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KEYWORDS: COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION; INDIA. |
132 |
AU |
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Sen Gupta NC |
TI |
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Community participation in the tuberculosis programme.
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SO |
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BULL IUAT 1972, 47, 102-106. |
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Per |
AB |
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Several reasons for the failure to achieve the
expected results in TB control, globally, are presented and discussed
in detail with reference to the three basic components of a TB programme-
BCG vaccination, case-finding and treatment. They include the failure
of decision-makers and administrators responsible for formulating
and implementing NTPs to establish proper and realistic priorities
reflected in the choice of control measures and the allocation of
available resources to them. For instance, many developing countries
have opted for an expensive screening method (mass chest radiography)
rather than achieving effective results by provision of basic health
facilities within easy reach of everyone and by using direct microscopy
sputum examinations. Several countries have focussed on construction
of sanatoria when out-patient treatment has been proven to be as
effective as institutional treatment. The failure to bring the TB
programme to the most peripheral regions and to apply it on a country-wide
basis, the failure to orient the consumer sufficiently to the services
offered, and several socio-economic and patient factors have contributed
to limited success in anti-TB efforts. Given this background, a
community participation programme can help increase the success
rate of TB programmes by using volunteers in case-finding and in
reducing treatment default rate as demonstrated in Ceylon (Sri Lanka)
and Malaysia.
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KEYWORDS: COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION; SRI LANKA. |
139 |
AU |
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Spinosa AV, Bales V, Pesanti E & Hadler J |
TI |
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Treatment of tuberculosis by community workers. |
SO |
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BULL IUAT 1976, 51, 695-700. |
DT |
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Per |
AB |
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A TB control project was undertaken in 1971 in
South Western United States, in the reservation of the Navajo Indians
(120,000 living in a vast, high, arid land). The specific problems
in treating TB among the Navajo are described. The specific problem
was that, despite efforts of medical personnel and available treatment
facilities, only 25% of the active TB cases at home were taking
their medications. The cause was found to be the inadequate number
of trained personnel to do the necessary tasks to keep patients
on medication. To achieve the projects goal of increasing
the percentage of patients at home, taking medication in one year,
to 80%, job analyses were done to develop outlines of the duties,
knowledge and skills required of TB workers, the case register clerks
and the project Director, by interviewing the physicians, nurses
and administrators working on the project. Subsequently, 4 weeks
of training (carefully designed around the job requirements of the
trainees) was given. An evaluation of the project indicated that
80% of active cases at home were on medication after a year and
96% in the fourth year. Only 4% of cases were lost to supervision,
active cases in the hospital were down from 50% to 15%, hospital
stay was down from 70 to 18 days, a quarter of active cases were
on intermittent therapy, new case rates were down from 150 to 73
per 100,000. A subjective evaluation performed through the use of
interviews and questionnaires revealed positive and negative feelings
of the workers to different issues of TB work. The conclusions were
that TB workers, recruited from the indigenous population and carefully
trained, could greatly benefit a TB programme; such a project was
best implemented by an objective-oriented approach focussing on
the problem, cause, objective, solution and evaluation. These concepts
could be successfully utilized in any TB programme, whether it be
rural or urban, in a developed or developing nation.
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KEYWORDS: COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION; SOCIO-ECONOMICS;
USA. |
142 |
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Trivedi SB |
TI |
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Role of non-medical voluntary body in active case detection
and case holding in tuberculosis control programme. |
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Eastern Region Conference of IUAT, 15th, Lahore, Pakistan,
10-13 Dec, 1987, p. 403-405. |
DT |
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CP |
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Community involvement in the TB control programme
has always been considered to be a very important factor. The Rotary
Club of Surendranagar District, Gujarat, was entrusted with the
work of organising active case detection camps in the district.
The case detection work was done by a mobile odelca unit and the
laboratory team. The results were handed over to the Rotary Club.
The Rotarian volunteers, with the help of the DTC, supervised the
regularity of collection and consumption of treatment drugs. Fifteen(15)
such camps were held for the chest symptomatics. A total of 5,648
mini X-rays were done and 5077 sputa were examined. A total of 1,395
radiologically active cases were detected. The involvement of volunteers
significantly helped in: 1) Early and increased detection of cases,
2) Reducing the financial burden of the treatment by providing the
needed drugs to all detected cases, 3) Increasing case holding by
voluntarily contacting all the patients in the area, 4) Increasing
the publics awareness about the TB problem and helping in
providing the necessary health education. This collaborative effort
resulted in 78.3% of the cases completing the treatment. It was
concluded that community involvement, as in this study, improved
the performance of the TB control programme.
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KEYWORDS: COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION; VOLUNTARY ORGANIZATION;
CASE HOLDING; INDIA. |
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