The aim of the sample survey conducted in January-February 1968 in the railway colonies of West Bengal was to determine the "Sociological Tuberculogenic Factors" that were responsible for the development and spread of TB in the population. The sample studied was found to be representative of the general population. The trend and behaviour of disease was dependent on the relevant standard of living (separate colonies were built for officers, upper subordinates and other categories with wide difference in social conditions), working conditions, habits and social evils such as alcohol consumption and "ganja" (illicit drug) smoking. The incidence of disease was more rampant amongst the low-paid categories and was inversely related to the group's income. Based on the findings, some suggestions were made to check the progress and spread of TB.