A survey of the socio-economic status of nine villages in Sagalee Circle, Arunachal Pradesh, was carried out from 12-31 March, 1984, during a Mass Sputum Sample Survey, in order to determine the relationship between socio-economic status and TB. A total population of 1004 from 84 households was covered. The family structure in the ethnic group studied was that of a joint family and the custom of polygamy was practiced. Many areas surveyed were difficult to reach. The survey results revealed that the people were generally exposed to different types of common infections and diseases, preventable if the socio-economic status had been higher. However, the incidence of TB was less than the national level of 4%. Several recommendations are offered to assist future health planning and health promotion in the state.