The abstract is for the segment of a panel discussion on the above topic, held in Paris, Sept. 20-21, 1962. To provide a broad picture of the TB problems globally, the percentage of children at the age of 14 showing a specific reaction to the standard tuberculin test as evidence that they have been infected with tubercle bacilli and, the proportion of adults excreting tubercle bacilli through the respiratory tract as found by the prevalence surveys of representative population groups, were presented. These figures indicated the highly uneven distribution of TB in the world. At one end, there were countries where 1-3% of all adults were sources of infection. In these countries, about half of the children were infected at the age of 14. At the other end, in some countries, the prevalence of TB was so low that only one of 2,000 or 5,000 adults were found to excrete tubercle bacilli and only 1-2% of the children at the age of 14 showed a reaction to the standard tuberculin test. Experience in the means for controlling TB was also unevenly distributed in the world, with an inverse relationship seen between the extent of prevalence of TB and the existence of experienced personnel and facilities. The main problem in the global attack on TB was to supply the developing countries with the necessary experienced personnel and the means to get the TB control programme started. It was suggested that the specific government should take the primary responsibility for the control of TB and that the official health authorities should provide the means and the personnel for implementing the programme. Also, the population must be prepared and educated to accept the programme, through voluntary efforts.