The contribution of voluntary organizations to the success of control programmes in the past, in countries where TB prevalence is now low, has been appreciable and this fact should be recognized. The Japan Anti-TB Association and its activities are described to highlight the importance of voluntary organizations in fighting TB. The mortality and incidence rates of TB are still fairly high compared with other low-prevalence countries. Therefore, the Japan Association is urged to fight the loss of interest in TB observed in the country (similarly observed in other low-prevalence countries), as it created serious problems in carrying out TB programs, through utilizing all possible media. Encouraging the activities of women’s anti-TB societies, composed mostly of housewives in the community and having its own research institute that conducts research on TB and disseminates all the necessary information, are two unique achievements of the Association. It also conducts an international training course for participants from high-prevalence countries abroad. Fund-raising is a big problem for the association. Ways to overcome this problem are suggested.