Non-adherence to treatment by patients is a major impediment, worldwide, in controlling TB. Failure of approaches attempted so far, in effectively tackling the problem of non-adherence, has led to the inclusion of directly observed or supervised chemotherapy as an essential element of the WHO's revised strategy for global TB control. Supervise chemotherapy has also been made the most important component of India's NTP being revitalized with the help of a loan from the World Bank and technical assistance from WHO. The reason for advocating supervised chemotherapy in India is the failure to ever achieve desirable cure rates, under a well designed NTP in operation for ever 3 decades. The demonstration projects of several NGO's, claiming success in achieving high cure rates, rarely provide hard data as evidence and their results are often considered anecdotal and unsuitable for wider application. This paper presents alternative approaches adopted by two NGO‘s providing services to large populations in different settings, one a most backward area of rural Gujarat and the other in the slums of Bombay. Both organizations could ensure reasonably high levels of treatment completion and cure rates under field conditions. While the urban NGO used pre-registration screening and motivation as tools to ensure treatment completion and cure, the rural NGO successfully employed the services of the female anganwadi workers of the Integrated Child Development Services(ICDS) scheme. The reproducibility and wider applicability of some important elements of these approaches are discussed.